skyoffice

几个经典的高层办公楼
1福斯特
Foster & Partners - Millennium Tower
Tokyo
Tokyo is among the ’megacities’ forecast to exceed populations of fifteen million by 2020. The Millennium Tower scheme challenges assumptions about such future cities. It presents a timely solution to the social challenges of urban expansion on this scale and to the particular problems of Tokyo, with its acute land shortages. Commissioned by the Obayashi Corporation, it provides 1.04 million square metres of commercial development, stands 170 storeys high and is the world’s tallest projected building.
Rising out of Tokyo Bay, two kilometres offshore, the tower is capable of housing a community of up to 60,000 people, generating its own energy, processing its own waste and with its own transportation system. This vertical city quarter is self-sustaining and virtually self-sufficient.
The lower levels accommodate offices, light manufacturing and ’clean’ industries such as consumer electronics. Above are apartments, while the topmost section houses communications systems and wind and solar generators, interspersed with restaurants and viewing platforms to exploit the spectacular views.
A high-speed ’metro’ system - with cars designed to carry 160 people - tracks both vertically and horizontally, moving through the building at twice the rate of conventional express lifts. Cars stop at intermediate ’sky centres’ at every thirtieth floor; from there, individual journeys may be completed via lifts or escalators. This continuous cycle reduces travel times - an important factor in a vertical city, no less than a horizontal one. The five-storey sky centres have different principal functions - one might include a hotel, another a department store. Each is articulated with mezzanines, terraces and gardens to encourage a sense of place.
Developed in response to the hurricane-strength wind forces and earthquakes for which the region is notorious, the tower’s conical structure, with its helical steel cage, is inherently stable. It provides decreasing wind resistance towards the top - where it is completely open - and increasing width and strength towards the base to provide earthquake resistance.
The project demonstrates that high-density or high-rise living does not mean overcrowding or hardship; it can lead to an improved quality of life, where housing, work and leisure facilities are all close at hand.

Area: 1.040.000 m2
Height: 840 m
Client: Obayashi Corporation
Consultants: Obayashi Corporation

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2努维尔
Jean Nouvel - Tour sans fins
Paris

The essential question was the meaning of an object in relation to a building as symbolic as the Arch de la Défense and a historic milestone building, the CNIT.  Verticality was needed to contrast the squared, anchored mass of the arch, producing a synergy and offering an invitation to view one from the other. While one construction is massive, defined, thick, pierced, the other should be at the margin, elsewhere, without limit, undefined. We can not say where the form of a cylinder finishes, because it is refined by light and shadow‚ although the vortex effect means that it is not the ideal form for a tower. Endless, what does that mean? Firstly we don’t read the limits. Not just laterally, but where is the beginning and the end? We can suppose that this tower sprung from the centre of the earth, it rises from a crater in the ground. The other extremity disappears into the sky, and that’s why the tower is 350 meters high. This is a tower about great simplicity and is extremely minimal, with a layering of framework, texture, lighting and interior spaces. Dense at the base and extremely airy at the top, the outer skin always remains constant. Through this we perceive the inner skin which vanishes through a working of thickness of matter, which dematerializes upwards to almost the thickness of the air. Under the Parisian climate the tower would be mostly indecipherable. From the west, against the light, it would appear like a phantom, ephemeral, immaterial. Visible though from the Tuilleries, it would resonate notably with the Obelisk. The simple, slender form would progressively change in matter from strong, black granite, through gradual tones of grey granite, becoming lighter and with subtle changes of grid, then becoming aluminium, more polished, until it becomes silk-screened glass over several levels, and totally transparent at the top.

Location: Triangle De La Folie, La Defense
Height: 420 m
Net floor area: Tower - 91 000m2, 910 000sq ft
Gross floor area: Tower - 142 300m2, 1 423 000sq ft,
building: 326 210sq ft, parking: 514 000sq ft
Program: offices, parking, conference center, bar, facilities
Construction cost: 250 000 000 $
Client: SCI Tour Sans Fins

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努维尔和福斯特

3皮阿诺
Renzo Piano Building Workshop - London Bridge Tower
London

London Bridge Tower is a high-rise, mixed use development in the central London borough of Southwark, by the river Thames. Located adjacent to London Bridge Station, it will be a modern solution to adding density to the city centre, taking advantage of one of London’s major public transport hubs.
The tower is designed to be a sharp and light presence in skyline. Its shape is generous at the bottom and narrow at the top, disappearing in the air like the mast of a tall ship. The intuitive response to the site is to build a tower like a spire or a shard, a natural structural shape, particularly relevant to the unique skyline of London.
The height of the tower (1016 ft, or 306 meters) resulted more from the desire and necessity to create an elegantly proportioned tower rather than for being the tallest building in Europe.
Up to 7,000 people will work and live in this vertical town of sixty six floors. As a mixed use building with shops, museum, offices, restaurants, hotel and residential accommodation it enriches the community and its surroundings with round-the-clock activities. Essentially public in character, the building will belong to Londoners.
A modern building must be sustainable from all points of view: human, technological, energetic and economic. 30% less energy will be required than for a conventional tall building through the extensive use of the latest conservation and recycling techniques and materials. A ventilated double skin façade will considerably reduce heat gain and increase comfort close to the facade. Excess heat from the offices will be used to heat the hotel and apartments and any additional excess heat will be dissipated naturally through a radiator at the top of the tower. Winter gardens with operable louvre windows will be located on each floor allowing the occupants to connect with the outside world.
Gently lifted off the ground, only the central core anchors the building to the site. This allows the maximum amount of space to be given over to public functions and to the station concourse. A lightweight glass canopy gives protection from the elements and provides a link between the surrounding rail and bus stations and Guy’s Hospital.

Height: 1016 ft - 306 meters
Client: Sellar Property Group

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4 SOM
SOM - Burj Dubai
United Arab Emirates

The super tall Burj Dubai will be the centerpiece of a large scale mixed-use development being developed by Emaar Properties PJSC of Dubai, which will combine residential, commercial, hotel, entertainment, shopping and leisure outlets with open green spaces, water features, pedestrian boulevards, a shopping mall and a tourist-oriented old town.
The design of Burj Dubai is derived from the geometries of the desert flower, which is indigenous to the region, and the patterning systems embodied in Islamic architecture. It combines historical and cultural influences with cutting edge technology to achieve a high-performance building which will set the new standard for development in the Middle East and become the model for the future of the city.
The tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central core. As the tower rises from the flat desert base, setbacks occur at each element in an upward spiraling pattern, decreasing the mass of the tower as it reaches toward the sky. At the top, the central core emerges and is sculpted to form a finishing spire. A Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views of the Persian Gulf.
The design was selected as the winning entry of an invited design competition for the tower held by Emaar Properties PJSC of Dubai early 2003. Construction started in January 2004 and will be completed at the end of 2009.

Height: 700m
Client: Emaar Properties PJSC

5赖特
Frank Lloyd Wright - Illinois ONE-MILE-HIGH
Chicago
Of all form of upright structure, the most stable is the tripod: pressures upon any side immediately resisted by the other two. For general stability at great height this form of the ILLINOIS is planned to employ the new principles of cantilever – steel in suspension – as in the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo, the Johnson Helio-laboratory at Racine, Wisconsin, and the Price Tower at Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
The exterior wall screens are suspended from the edges of the rigid upright steel cores – cores buried in light-weight concrete: this building thus from the inside outward instead of the dated steel-framed construction from outside inward.
For instance, the support of the outer walls and sixteen feet of the outer area of the floors is pendent, and the science of continuity is employed everywhere else.
Excepting the vertical elevator enclosures, which issue from the sloping sides of the tripod, all exterior surface-features of this structure and certain outer areas of floors are suspended by steel strands from the sloping corners of the core as already described. Outer glass surfaces are set back four feet under the metal parapets to avoid glare of glass and afford a human sense of protection at such enormous heights as characterize the ILLINOIS SKY CITY.
Elevator transit is by atomic power; especially designed elevators… A group of 76 tandem-cab elevators five units high begin to load where the escalators leave off at the fifth floor.
The ILLINOIS employs the now proved system of “tap-root” foundation sloping to hard-pan or bedrock… Throughout this light-weight tensilized structure, because of the integral character of all members, loads are in equilibrium at all points, doing away with oscillation… A rapier, with handle the breadth of the hand, set firmly into the ground, blade upright, as a smile, indicates the general idea of the ILLINOIS five times the height of the highest structure in the world.

Height: 1609m
Total rentable: 6,000,000 sq. ft.
Deduct: 2,000,000 sq. ft. for high rooms, studio, courtrooms, audience halls…
Net: 4,000,000 sq. ft.
Occupancy: @ 100 sq. ft./person = 45.000
Transient occupancy in audience halls = 67.000
Total: about 100.000 people
Parking: 15.000 cars, 100 helicopters

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喜欢的路过一下吧

喜欢write的，100年前设计的房子现在看来还是那么现代。